LATHE INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PARTS OF LATHE
INTRODUCTION-
i)-Centre lathe is a machine which is used to a turning operation.
ii)-We bring the raw material to the required shape and size by metal removal.
iii)-This is done by feeding a cutting tool against the direction of rotation of the work.
iv)- Its Work can be held help of chuck and face plate.
v)- The Chuck and face plate are mounted on the front of spindle.
vi)-The Cutting tool is fed against work after holding it in the tool post firmly.
i)-Before starting the work. ii)- During work. iii)- After work.
1 -Before starting the work-
i)- The lubricating system is functioning
ii)- The working area is clean and tidy.
iii)-The meashing gears are in proper mesh and the power feed levers are in neutral position.
2 -During work-
i)- Wear an appron which is not loose and have the sleeves folded.
ii)- Avoid wearing ring or watches during working.
iii)- Remove the chips with a hook.
iv)- Always wear shoes.
3 -After work-
i)- Clean the machine with a brush and wipe with cotton waste.
ii)- Oil the bed-ways and the lubricating points.
iii)- Clean the precision instrument.
iv)- Clean the cutting tool and place them in their parfect place.
v)- Clean the surrounding of the lathe.
1)-Head stock
i)- Head stock is a left side on the lathe machine.
ii)- It is a holding device.
iii)- The head stock kept transmit the drive from the main motor to the work.
iv)- To accommodate shafts, gears and levers for a wide range of varying work speeds.
v)- To ensure arrangement for lubricating the gears, shafts and bearings.
vi)- It is made by cast iron.
vii)- There are two types All geared head stock & Cone pulley drive head stock.
2)-Tail-stock
i)- Tail stock is a right side on the lathe machine.
ii)- It is a sliding unit on the bed-ways and lucking at any position on the on the lathe bed.
iii)- Parts of tail stock is a) Base, b) Body, c) Spindle(barrel), d) Spindle locking lever,e) Operating screw rod, f) Operating nut, g) Tail-stock hand wheel, h) Key, i) Set screw/set over-screw, j) Clamping bolt.
iv)- The base and body made by cast iron.
v)- To accommodate the dead center to support lengthy work to carry out lathe opration.
vi)- To hold the cutting tool like drills,reamers,drill chucks provide with taper shank.
vii)-To turn external taper by offsetting the body of the tailstock with respect to the base
3)-Carriage
i)- Its moves from head stock & tail stock on bed path.
ii)-The main function of the carriage in lathe machine holding and moving the cutting tool.
iii)- Facing,plain turning,threading and tapper turning by compound rest slide is done by carriage function.
iv)- The carriage can be locked at any desired position on the lathe bed.
v)- It has two main parts Saddle and Apron.
A)-Saddle-i)-It is a 'H' shaped casting having V guide grooves at the bottom face,corresponding to the lathe bed-ways for mounting on the lathe bed and for sliding.
ii)- Its moves right left in parallel to spindle axes head stock on bed paths.
iii)- Its upper portion is attached with cross slide,compound rest, Top slide and tool post.
4)-Cross-Slide-
i)-The cross-slide is mounted on the top of the saddle
ii)-It provides cross movement for the tool.
iii)-This is fitted at right angles to the bed and is moved by means of a screwed spindle, fitted with a handle.
iv)-A graduated collar, mounted on the screw rod along with the hand wheel, helps to set the fine movements of the cross- slide.
5)-Compound Slide
i)- The compound rest is fitted on the top and to the front of the cross-slide.
ii)- The compound rest can be swivelled horizontally through 360°.
Top Slide
i)-The top slide is fitted on the top of the compound rest.
ii)-It supports the tool post which holds the cutting tool.
iii)-The top slide provides a limited horizontal movement for the cutting tool.
6)-Tool post-
i)-The tool post holds and firmly supports the tool or tools.
ii)-The tool post is fitted on the top slide.
iii)-The commonly used types of tool posts are:-a)-American type tool post or single way tool post,. b)- Indexing type tool post or square tool post. c)- Quick change tool post.
B)-Apron-
i)-The apron is bolted to the front of the saddle.
ii)-It contains mechanism for moving and controlling the carriage.
iii)-The main parts of an apron are a)-Traversing hand wheel b)-Feed lever c)-Feed selector d)-Lead screw engagement lever.
7)- Lathe Bed-
i)- It used to locate the fixed units in accurate relationship to each other.
ii)- Also used to provide slide-ways upon which the operating units can be moved.
iii)- The bed is generally made by cast iron.
iv)-There are three types of bed-ways;a)-Flat bed-way,b)-V' bed way,c)-Combination bed way.
8)-Feed shaft
i)- It is also a long rod made of nickle steel having key way upto its full length.
ii)- It is fitted in parallel to lead screw either upward or downward.
iii)- It is used for carrage and cross slide automatic feed.
9)-Lead screw
i)- The function of the the lead screw is used to advance the carriage of the lathe in time with the rotation of the spindle.
ii)- It is used to make threads by having different gearing between the spindle and the drive for the lead screw.
i)-Centre lathe is a machine which is used to a turning operation.
ii)-We bring the raw material to the required shape and size by metal removal.
iii)-This is done by feeding a cutting tool against the direction of rotation of the work.
iv)- Its Work can be held help of chuck and face plate.
v)- The Chuck and face plate are mounted on the front of spindle.
vi)-The Cutting tool is fed against work after holding it in the tool post firmly.
Safety to be observed while working on lathes
There are three Safety to be observed while working on lathes.i)-Before starting the work. ii)- During work. iii)- After work.
1 -Before starting the work-
i)- The lubricating system is functioning
ii)- The working area is clean and tidy.
iii)-The meashing gears are in proper mesh and the power feed levers are in neutral position.
2 -During work-
i)- Wear an appron which is not loose and have the sleeves folded.
ii)- Avoid wearing ring or watches during working.
iii)- Remove the chips with a hook.
iv)- Always wear shoes.
3 -After work-
i)- Clean the machine with a brush and wipe with cotton waste.
ii)- Oil the bed-ways and the lubricating points.
iii)- Clean the precision instrument.
iv)- Clean the cutting tool and place them in their parfect place.
v)- Clean the surrounding of the lathe.
Main parts of a lathe
1)-Headstock 2)-Tailstock 3)-Carriage 4)-Cross-slide 5)-Compound slide 6)-Tool Post 7)-Lathe Bed, 8)-Feed shaft , 9) -Lead screw , 10) -Legs ,11)- .Quick change gearbox
i)- Head stock is a left side on the lathe machine.
ii)- It is a holding device.
iii)- The head stock kept transmit the drive from the main motor to the work.
iv)- To accommodate shafts, gears and levers for a wide range of varying work speeds.
v)- To ensure arrangement for lubricating the gears, shafts and bearings.
vi)- It is made by cast iron.
vii)- There are two types All geared head stock & Cone pulley drive head stock.
2)-Tail-stock
i)- Tail stock is a right side on the lathe machine.
ii)- It is a sliding unit on the bed-ways and lucking at any position on the on the lathe bed.
iii)- Parts of tail stock is a) Base, b) Body, c) Spindle(barrel), d) Spindle locking lever,e) Operating screw rod, f) Operating nut, g) Tail-stock hand wheel, h) Key, i) Set screw/set over-screw, j) Clamping bolt.
iv)- The base and body made by cast iron.
v)- To accommodate the dead center to support lengthy work to carry out lathe opration.
vi)- To hold the cutting tool like drills,reamers,drill chucks provide with taper shank.
vii)-To turn external taper by offsetting the body of the tailstock with respect to the base
3)-Carriage
i)- Its moves from head stock & tail stock on bed path.
ii)-The main function of the carriage in lathe machine holding and moving the cutting tool.
iii)- Facing,plain turning,threading and tapper turning by compound rest slide is done by carriage function.
iv)- The carriage can be locked at any desired position on the lathe bed.
v)- It has two main parts Saddle and Apron.
A)-Saddle-i)-It is a 'H' shaped casting having V guide grooves at the bottom face,corresponding to the lathe bed-ways for mounting on the lathe bed and for sliding.
ii)- Its moves right left in parallel to spindle axes head stock on bed paths.
iii)- Its upper portion is attached with cross slide,compound rest, Top slide and tool post.
4)-Cross-Slide-
i)-The cross-slide is mounted on the top of the saddle
ii)-It provides cross movement for the tool.
iii)-This is fitted at right angles to the bed and is moved by means of a screwed spindle, fitted with a handle.
iv)-A graduated collar, mounted on the screw rod along with the hand wheel, helps to set the fine movements of the cross- slide.
5)-Compound Slide
i)- The compound rest is fitted on the top and to the front of the cross-slide.
ii)- The compound rest can be swivelled horizontally through 360°.
Top Slide
i)-The top slide is fitted on the top of the compound rest.
ii)-It supports the tool post which holds the cutting tool.
iii)-The top slide provides a limited horizontal movement for the cutting tool.
6)-Tool post-
i)-The tool post holds and firmly supports the tool or tools.
ii)-The tool post is fitted on the top slide.
iii)-The commonly used types of tool posts are:-a)-American type tool post or single way tool post,. b)- Indexing type tool post or square tool post. c)- Quick change tool post.
B)-Apron-
i)-The apron is bolted to the front of the saddle.
ii)-It contains mechanism for moving and controlling the carriage.
iii)-The main parts of an apron are a)-Traversing hand wheel b)-Feed lever c)-Feed selector d)-Lead screw engagement lever.
7)- Lathe Bed-
i)- It used to locate the fixed units in accurate relationship to each other.
ii)- Also used to provide slide-ways upon which the operating units can be moved.
iii)- The bed is generally made by cast iron.
iv)-There are three types of bed-ways;a)-Flat bed-way,b)-V' bed way,c)-Combination bed way.
8)-Feed shaft
i)- It is also a long rod made of nickle steel having key way upto its full length.
ii)- It is fitted in parallel to lead screw either upward or downward.
iii)- It is used for carrage and cross slide automatic feed.
9)-Lead screw
i)- The function of the the lead screw is used to advance the carriage of the lathe in time with the rotation of the spindle.
ii)- It is used to make threads by having different gearing between the spindle and the drive for the lead screw.
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