WHAT IS FILE ?https://anilitistudy.blogspot.com

INTRODUCTION

1)- The three methods of metal cutting are abrasion,fusion and incision.

i)- Abrasion:- In this method metal is cut in particles as filing,grinding etc.

ii)- Fusion:- Cut any metal in middle by melting is called fusion method as welding are or gas cutting etc.

iii)- Incision:- Cut any metal in thick chips convert in any shape as milling,shapes slot or work in lathe machine.

2)- Filling is a method for removing excess material from a work piece.

3)- Files are available in many shapes and sizes.

4)- Files are specified according to their length, grade, cut and shape. 

Parts of a file:- 

Tip or Point:-  the end opposite to tang. 

Face or side:- The broad part of the file with teeth cut on its surface. 

Edge:- The thin part of the file with a single row of parallel teeth.

Heel:- The portion of the broad part without teeth. 

Shoulder:- the curved part of the file separating. 

tang:- from the body Tang The narrow and thin part of a file which fits into the handle.

Handle:- The part fitted to the tang for holding the file. 

Ferrule:- A protective metal ring to prevent cracking of the handle. 

Materials:- 

i)- Generally files are made of high carbon or high grade cast steel. 

ii)- The body portion is hardened and tempered. 

iii)- The tang is however not hardened.

Length:- i)- Flat file length is the distance from the tip of a file to the heel.

ii)- Round file is measured from its diameter.

iii)- Square file is measured from its arm width.

ii)- Its available in 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm,350 mm,400 mm, 450 mm.

Grade:- i)- The distance between lines of teeth or pitch between two teeth lines is known as grade of files.

Rough file:- i)- It is used for removing rapidly a larger quantity of metal. 

ii)- It is mostly used for trimming the rough edges of soft metal castings.

Bastard file:- i)- It is used in cases where there is a heavy reduction of material.

second cut file :- i)- It is used to give a good finish on metals. 

ii)- It is excellent to file hard metals. 

iii)- It is useful for bringing the jobs close to the finishing size.

Smooth file:-  i)- It is used to remove small quantity of material and to give a good finish.

Dead smooth file:-  i)- It is used to bring the material to accurate size with a high degree of finish.

Cut of files:- i)- Files with different cuts have different uses.

ii)- Basically there are four types Single cut, Double cut, Rasp cut and Curved cut. 

Single cut file:- i)- A single cut file has rows of teeth cut in one direction across its face. 

ii)- The teeth are at an angle of 60 degree to the center line. 

iii)- It can cut chips as wide as the cut of the file. 

iv)- Files with this cut are useful for filing soft metals like brass, aluminium, bronze and copper.

Double cut file:- i)- A double cut file has two rows of teeth cut diagonal to each other.

 ii)-The first row of teeth is known as OVER CUT and they are cut at an angle of 70 degree. 

iii)-The other cut, made diagonal to this, is known as UP CUT, and is at an angle of 51 degree.

 iv)-This removes stock faster than the single cut file.

Rasp cut file:- i)- Rasp cut has individual, sharp, pointed teeth in a line, 

ii)- It is useful for filing wood, leather and other soft materials. 

iii)-These files are available only in half round shape.

Curved cut file:- i)- These files have deeper cutting action and are useful for filing soft materials like - aluminium, tin, copper, and plastic. 

Shape of file:-

Common files of different shapes: 1- Flat file, 2- Hand file, 3- Square file, 4- Round file, 5- Half round file, 6- Triangular file, 7- Knife-edge file, 8- Warding file.